ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Given the increasing rate of cesarean sections in Iran, as a major health problem and its effects on maternal mortality, the present study aimed at determining the predictive capacity of the "theory of planned behavior" [TPB] regarding the intention for having "natural childbirth" in pregnant women of Birjand city in 2015
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 195 pregnant women in their 20[th] to 24[th] gestation weeks were incorporated via convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was the standardized questionnaire developed based on the TPB constructs. The reliability of the questionnaire, was approved using Cronbach's alpha in the domains of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and the subjective norms were 0.71, 0.71, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS [V. 16], using Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the role of each construct and regression analysis tests. The significant level was P< 0.05 and beta=0.415] and perceived behavioral control [P<0.05] and beta=0.342] were respectively the best predictors of intention to natural childbirth
Conclusion: The current study showed that TPB can predict pregnant mothers' intention of having natural childbirth
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Using drugs during pregnancy is one of the most important health concerns Prenatal care is crucial in addicted women and thus educational interventions are required. In the present study, the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on 'Theory of Planned Behavior' on prenatal care of addicted women was evaluated
Materials and Methods: This randomized field- trial study was performed on 46 pregnant addicted women who were randomly divided into equal experimental and control groups. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire used had been confirmed. before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention in both groups. The intervention consisted of 6 sessions, based on the theory of planned behavior, which was implemented for the experimental group. Data analysis was performed using. independent t- test, Anova and Fisher's exact test. The obtained results were interpreted at the significant level 0.05
Results: It was found that a significant increase in the mean change in attitude, intention, and perceived behavioral control before and immediately after the intervention in the experimental group compared to the control one [P<0.05]
Conclusion: The results of the study showed the effectiveness of the education based on the theory of planned behavior on the attitude, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention associated with prenatal care
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Internet is one of the most advanced new communication means. Despite the positive uses of it, occurrence of excessive behaviors and detrimental effects of internet addiction particularly in adolescents has attracted everyone's regard. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of this problem among Birjand intermediate school students and its relationship with their anxiety, stress, and depression
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 400 male and female intermediate students of Birjand who were selected through cluster sampling. In addition to employing a demographic variables questionnaire, other data collection was carried out using Young's Internet addiction test and DASS-21 stress, anxiety, and depression scale questionnaire. Then, the final obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software [V:18] and a= 0.05 was taken as the significant level
Results: It was found that 73.8% of the students were normal users, 20.5% had low addiction and 5.7% had a severe addiction to internet. The findings showed that the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in students addicted to internet were significantly higher than normal users' [P<0.001]
Conclusion: Results indicated a high prevalence of internet addiction in the students and had significant relationships with anxiety, stress, and depression. This is something that necessitates interventions aiming at preventing various harms to them
ABSTRACT
Congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction is one of the common disorders characterized by tearing and mucoid or mucopurulent discharge in children. The most common site of obstruction is the Hasner Value. About 20% of infants suffer from tearing which spontaneously improves within the first year of life in 90%. As there is no risk of aspiration with the air injection, it was adopted for comparison with saline injection. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the success rate of the conventional method [probing with irrigation] and the air injection in infants. This study was conducted as clinical trial in which 61 patients [with the age range of 9-24 months] [76 eyes] with congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction, not responding to conservative treatment, was randomly assigned into one of the two groups. They were assessed before and after probing using Munk's scale. Their follow-up included lachrymal massage and antibiotic drops and assessment in 2 weeks, one month and three months after probing. A few cases were excluded from the study for irregular follow-up participations. Chisquare was used for data analysis. Out of 34 male eyes and 42 female eyes, 33 and 42 eyes recovered respectively upon the final follow-up [three months after probing]. Out of 30 patients probed with saline, after two weeks, 31 eyes [86.1%] recovered after two weeks; 34 eyes [94.4%] after one month and 34 eyes [94.4%] after three months. Out of 31 patients poobed with air injection, the recovery rates after two weeks, one month and three months follow-up, 33 eyes [82.5%], 38 eyes [95%] and 38 [95%] respectively. As three is no risk of aspiration with the air injection and the outcomes are similar to the irrigation method, the researchers recommend probing with air injection to be substituted to saline irrigation